What is defined as the uncontrolled expansion of urban areas into surrounding rural land?

The term that describes the uncontrolled expansion of urban areas into surrounding rural land is urban sprawl. This phenomenon is characterized by the spread of developments such as housing, commercial centers, and industrial complexes into rural areas, often resulting in the loss of agricultural land and open spaces. Urban sprawl is typically associated with car-dependent lifestyles, increased traffic, and environmental challenges, including habitat destruction and increased air pollution.

Often driven by factors such as population growth, economic factors, and the desire for larger homes and properties, urban sprawl leads to dispersed, low-density development that can strain infrastructure and public services.

The other concepts mentioned do not capture the same uncontrolled expansion aspect. Urban infill refers to the development of vacant or under-used parcels within existing urban areas, while suburban development typically relates to planned residential areas outside of city cores. City revitalization focuses on improving and redeveloping existing urban areas rather than expanding into rural settings.