Which economic aspect is unaffected by location value according to urban planning principles?

The stability of the economy is considered unaffected by location value according to urban planning principles because it is determined by a broader range of factors beyond geographical and locational concerns. While accessibility to resources, labor market integration, and housing market fluctuations are all influenced by where people and facilities are situated, the stability of an entire economy is shaped by aspects such as policies, regulatory environment, economic diversification, and global market trends. These elements can remain stable regardless of specific geographic location, making location value less relevant in assessing overall economic stability. In contrast, the other aspects listed are closely linked to location and are significantly shaped by the geographical context in which they exist.